When the Allied armies marched into German territory in late 1918 under the terms of the armistice, they were surprised to see a relatively untouched land. After the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, the Allied Occupation was made permanent and the troops settled in to stay in a country that did not want them there initially.
» SOURCES Leonhard, Jörn. Der überforderte Frieden. Versailles und die Welt 1918-1923 (CH Beck, 2018) Macmillan, Margaret. The Peacemakers: Six Months that Changed the World (London: John Murray, 2001). Le Naour, Jean-Yves. La Honte noire (Hachette, 2004). Schröder, Joachim, Watson, Alexander. Occupation during and after the War (Germany) in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/occupation_during_and_after_the_war_germany Roos, Julia. Schwarze Schmach in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/schwarze_schmach Godfroid, Anne. Occupation after the War (Belgium and France) in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/occupation_after_the_war_belgium_and_france Pawley, Margaret. The Watch on the Rhine: The Military Occupation of the Rhineland, 1918-1930 (I.B.Tauris, 2007). Hart, Keith. A Note on the Military Participation of Siam in WWI. Journal of the Siam Society (ndp): 133136. Lauter, Anna-Monika. Sicherheit und Reparationen. Die französische Öffentlichkeit, der Rhein und die Ruhr (1919-1923) (Essen: Klartext, 2006). Krugler, Gilles. Allemagne decembre 1918. Les premières heures de loccupation. In Revue historique des armées 254 (2009): 76-81. https://journals.openedition.org/rha/6612 Mignon, Nicolas. Boche, ex-ennemie ou simplement femme? Le point de vue des responsables politiques et militaires sur la question des mariages entre militaires belges et femmes allemandes pendant les occupations de la Rhénanie et de la Ruhr (1918-1929). In Revue belge de Philologie et dHistoire (2013) 91-4 : 1259-1283.
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