The Rif War between Spain and the Rif Republic gave rise to a young Spanish officer named Francisco Franco - who later would become Spanish dictator. After Spain had almost lost the war against the Rifi people, they got help from France and WW1 hero Philippe Pétain.
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» SOURCES Álvarez, José E., The Betrothed of Death: The Spanish Foreign Legion During the Rif Rebellion, 1920-1927, (Westport, CT : Greenwood Press, 2001)
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Harris, Walter B,. France, Spain and the Rif, (London : Edward Arnold & Co., 1927)
Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce, Abdelkrim: Whose Hero is He? The Politics of Contested Memory in Todays Morocco, The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Vol. 18, No. 2, (2012)
Pack, Sasha D, The Deepest Border : The Strait of Gibraltar and the Making of the Modern Hispano-African Borderland, (Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press, 2019)
Pennell, C R, A Country with a Government and a Flag: the Rif War in Morocco, 1921-1926, (Wisbech : Middle East and North African Studies Press Ltd, 1986)
Pennell, C R, Ideology and Practical Politics: A Case Study of the Rif War in Morocco, 1921-1926, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, (1982)
Peyron, Michael, The Berbers of Morocco: A History of Resistance, (London : Bloomsbury, 2020)
Sangster, Andrew, Probing the Enigma of Franco, (Cambridge : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018)
Woolman, David S. Rebels in the Rif: Abd el Krim and the Rif Rebellion, (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1969)
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