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19:54When 700 Ships were Abandoned | Atlantic Cemetery Fleet
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08:13When Animals Were Punished in Court - ITS HISTORY
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![In legal history, an animal trial was the criminal trial of a non-human animal. Such trials are recorded as having taken place in Europe from the thirteenth century until the eighteenth. In modern times, it is considered in most criminal justice systems that non-human persons lack moral agency and so cannot be held culpable for an act. Animals, including insects, faced the possibility of criminal charges for several centuries across many parts of Europe. The earliest extant record of an animal trial is the execution of a pig in 1266 at Fontenay-aux-Roses.[1] Such trials remained part of several legal systems until the 18th century. Animal defendants appeared before both church and secular courts, and the offences alleged against them ranged from murder to criminal damage. Human witnesses were often heard and in ecclesiastical courts they were routinely provided with lawyers (this was not the case in secular courts, but for most of the period concerned, neither were human defendants). If convicted, it was usual for an animal to be executed, or exiled. However, in 1750, a female donkey was acquitted of charges of bestiality due to witnesses to the animals virtue and good behaviour while her co-accused human was sentenced to death.
Translations of several of the most detailed records can be found in E. P. Evans The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals, published in 1906. Sadakat Kadris The Trial: Four Thousand Years of Courtroom Drama (Random House, 2006) contains another detailed examination of the subject. Kadri shows that the trials were part of a broader phenomenon that saw corpses and inanimate objects also face prosecution, and argues that an echo of such rituals survives in modern attitudes towards the punishment of children and the mentally ill.
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Reading from Murderous pigs sent to the gallows, sparrows prosecuted for chattering in church, a gang of thieving rats let off on a wholly technical acquittal - theoretical psychologist and author Nicholas Humphrey* explores the strange world of medieval animal trials.
PUBLISHED
March 27, 2011
https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/bugs-and-beasts-before-the-law
Detail from the frontispiece of The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals (1906) by E.P.Evans
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17:17When Californias Greatest Treasure Became a National Disgrace: The Salton Sea - ITS HISTORY
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12:45When Chicagos Rookery Rose from Ashes of the Great Fire
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06:05When Chocolate was a Drug - ITS HISTORY
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08:49When Germany attacked New Jersey | Black Tom explosion
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13:07When Holland Island Disappeared | The Incredible Story of Marylands Town Lost to the Sea
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13:34When New York Destroyed a Skyscraper in its Prime | The Rise and Fall of Gillender Tower
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15:18When New Yorks Most Dangerous Waterway was Bridged (The History of Hell Gate Bridge)
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The Hell Gate Bridge, originally the New York Connecting Railroad Bridge[2] or the East River Arch Bridge, is a 1,017-foot (310 m) steel through arch railroad bridge in New York City. Originally built for four tracks, the bridge currently carries two tracks of Amtraks Northeast Corridor and one freight track across the Hell Gate, a strait of the East River, between Astoria in Queens and Randalls and Wards Islands in Manhattan.
The arch across the Hell Gate is the largest of three bridges that form the Hell Gate railroad viaduct. An inverted bowstring truss bridge with four 300-foot (91.4 m) spans crosses the Little Hell Gate, a former strait that is now filled in, and a 350-foot (106.7 m) fixed truss bridge crosses the Bronx Kill, a strait now narrowed by fill. Together with approaches, the bridges are more than 17,000 feet (3.2 mi; 5.2 km) long.[4] The designs of the Tyne Bridge in Newcastle, England, and the Sydney Harbour Bridge in New South Wales, Australia, were derived from the Hell Gate Bridge.[5]
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ITS HISTORY - Weekly tales of American Urban Decay as presented by your host Ryan Socash.
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14:57When Seattles underground became infested with criminals and rats (literally) - ITS HISTORY
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22:21When did the US Postal Service begin and what was its purpose?
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14:53When you could visit the Torch of The Statue of Liberty
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03:05Who Were the Plague Doctors? I ITS HISTORY
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24:28Why Abandoned Battleships haunt Texas - ITS HISTORY
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The 19641965 New York Worlds Fair was a worlds fair that held over 140 pavilions and 110 restaurants, representing 80 nations (hosted by 37), 24 US states, and over 45 corporations with the goal and the final result of building exhibits or attractions at Flushing MeadowsCorona Park in Queens, New York City.[1][2][3] The immense fair covered 646 acres (2.61 km2) on half the park, with numerous pools or fountains, and an amusement park with rides near the lake. However, the fair did not receive official support or approval from the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE).
Hailing itself as a universal and international exposition, the fairs theme was Peace Through Understanding, dedicated to Mans Achievement on a Shrinking Globe in an Expanding Universe. American companies dominated the exposition as exhibitors. The theme was symbolized by a 12-story-high, stainless-steel model of the Earth called the Unisphere, built on the foundation of the Perisphere from the 1939 Worlds Fair.[4] The fair ran for two six-month seasons, April 22 October 18, 1964, and April 21 October 17, 1965. Admission price for adults (13 and older) was $2.00 in 1964 (equivalent to $17.47 in 2021 after calculating for inflation). Admission in 1965 increased to $2.50 (equivalent to $21.5 in 2021 after calculating for inflation). In both years, children (212) admission cost $1.00 (equivalent to $8.74 in 2021 after calculating for inflation).[5]
The fair is noted as a showcase of mid-twentieth-century American culture and technology. The nascent Space Age, with its vista of promise, was well represented. More than 51 million people attended the fair, though fewer than the hoped-for 70 million. It remains a touchstone for many American Baby Boomers who visited the optimistic exposition as children, before the turbulent years of the Vietnam War and many to be forthcoming cultural changes.
In many ways the fair symbolized a grand consumer show, covering many products then-produced in America for transportation, living, and consumer electronic needs in a way that would never be repeated at future worlds fairs in North America. American manufacturers of pens, chemicals, computers, and automobiles had a major presence.[2][1] This fair gave many attendees their first interaction with computer equipment. Corporations demonstrated the use of mainframe computers, computer terminals with keyboards and CRT displays, teletype machines, punch cards, and telephone modems in an era when computer equipment was kept in back offices away from the public, decades before the Internet and home computers were at everyones disposal.
ITS HISTORY - Weekly tales of American Urban Decay as presented by your host Ryan Socash.
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Host - Ryan Socash
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16:06Why America Secretly Disgraced The USS Nevada
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22:36Why Americas Battleship Graveyard is Forgotten (Philadelphias Abandoned Ships) - ITS HISTORY
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22:20Why Americas Last Smokestacks are Disappearing
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13:40Why Americas Underwater Border Tunnel is in Trouble
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18:51Why Americas Worst Prison Served Disgrace for Dinner | ABANDONED
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16:40Why Arenas Replace Blighted Neighborhoods | Pittsburghs Lost Igloo
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16:03Why Boston Abandoned the Steam Monorail Network
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15:05Why California Abandoned Highway 39
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20:00Why California Razed its Ancient Redwood Forests
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16:19Why Californias Lost Highway is Now Underwater
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14:49Why Californias Pacific Coast Highway is Falling into the Sea
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16:31Why California wont run out of electricity for now | Hoover Dam
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